The Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay examples - 1501 Words

Americans have argued over the death penalty since the early days of our country. In the United States only 38 states have capital punishment statutes. As of year ended in 1999, in Texas, the state had executed 496 prisoners since 1930. The laws in the United States have change drastically in regards to capital punishment. An example of this would be the years from 1968 to 1977 due to the nearly 10 year moratorium. During those years, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment violated the Eight Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ended in 1976, when the Supreme Court reversed the ruling. They stated that the punishment of sentencing one to death does not perpetually infringe the Constitution. Richard Nixon†¦show more content†¦The theory of deterrence can be defined as the idea that the threat of punishment has to be severe enough to contradict the pleasure that the criminal would obtain from the crime. There are two types of deterrent s specific and general. A general deterrent could be explained as a person not committing a crime because of the outcome if they are caught. While a specific deterrent could be explained, that if a murder receives the death penalty and is executed, they will no longer be able to murder. H. Naci Mocan, an economist said â€Å"I personally am opposed to the death penalty, but my research shows that there is a deterrent effect.†2 Then the conclusion would be that in order for it to be a deterrent we must fear the outcome. Capital punishment is necessary because it shows that people willing to do heinous crimes will be held accountable for their actions. However, then the criminal is mercifully treated while they probably did not do the same to their victims. For if they had respected another’s’ life, they would not be on death row to begin with. This is necessary so that the law abiding citizens can see, there is justice that is upheld for those who are trespassed against. All the while, signs of respect are shown to those who do not always deserve. For the person undergoing the lethal injection procedure feels no pain and then they pass on. So theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Capital Punishment923 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment is a sentence that is given to someone that has committed a capital crime. This is a subject of great debate; some people agree and some do not. There are times when a crime is so heinous that the majority would seek capital punishment. Susan Gissendaner received this sentence for plotting to kill her husband, although her boyfriend actually killed her husband. Since being in prison, Susan has undergone a conversion and transformation. She is now a model prisoner. DueRead MoreThe Ethics Of Capital Punishment Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagespart of the 29% of countries who choose to retain it as a form of punishment. Moreover, the two ethical theories I will use to carry out this analysis involve the Harm Principle and Moral Relativism. Both ethical theories can support the pro and con side, so I will be using both as I look at each side of the debate. Using the principles outlined in the Harm Principle and Moral Relativism, I will analyze the morality of c apital punishment and access which side the theories gravitate towards. To beginRead More The Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Ethics is the study of standards of right and wrong; that part of philosophy dealing with moral conduct, duty and judgement.[1] Capital Punishment is the death penalty for a crime.[2] The word capital in capital punishment refers to a persons head as in the past; people were often executed by severing their head from their body. Since the early 1800s, most executions have resulted from convictions for murder. The death penaltyRead MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesanother? The disciplinary act of capital punishment, punishment through death, has been a major debate in the United States for years. Those in support of capital punishment believe that it is an end to the reoccurrence of a repeat murderer. The public has, for many years, been in favor of this few and pro-death penalty. Yet as time goes on, records show a decrease in the public and the state’s support of the continuation of capital punishment. Those against capital punishment believe it is an immoral,Read MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesShould one person have the right to end another humans life? It is a question most people have the answer for when it comes to capital punishment. Capital punishment is known to some people one of the cruelest punishment to humanity. Some people believe giving a person the death penalty does not solve anything. While others believe it is payback to the criminal for the crime they have committed. There have been 13,000 people executed since the colonial times, among 1900 and 1985 there were 139Read MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Legal950 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment is still used in the United States, and there has been 152 people that has been released from death row since 1973. There has been many more people that were not released but executed and possibly innocent. Kantian ethics is the theory that says the moral actions are not determined by the consequences but by the right nature of the action. Capital punishment may be questionable with some cases of innocents, with that being said the use of capital punishment should only be usedRead MoreSociology and Religion1517 Words   |  6 PagesBartkowski and Cullen explore in their article, â€Å"God Imagery and Opposition to Abortion and Capital Punishment: A Partial Test of Religious Support for the Consisten t Life Ethic†, as to whether having a close relationship with God will allow people to oppose both capital punishment and abortion, the consistent life ethic. Research Question The hypothesis that researchers concluded for the consistent life ethic study was that, â€Å"We [the researchers] hypothesize that Americans who have a close relationshipRead MoreCapital Punishment : Imposition Of A Penalty Of Death By The State Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment: Imposition of a penalty of death by the state. Capital punishment has been widely practiced ever since ancient times, as far back as 1500 B.C. From the fall of Rome to the beginning of modern times, capital punishment has been practiced all over the world. However, the problem in the justice system is that the death penalty can be wrongfully applied. This is rare but it does happen, the falsely incriminated is sentenced and executed. It is important that the government stillRead MoreIs Capital Punishment Ever Morally or Ethically Permissible?1599 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Capital punishment is never morally justified, and feminist, progressive and socialist ethics would always consider the social and family environment that produced the criminal in the first place, including poverty, racism, segregation or other types of oppression. It would also examine ways that society could be reformed on restricted in ways that would reduce oppression, such as ending the ghettoization of minorities or the extreme inequality between rich and poor in the United States. IndeedRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Capital punishment is one of the most controversial ethical issues that our country faces these days. Capital punishment is the legal penalty of death for a person that has performed heinous acts in the eyes of the judicial system. Discussion on whether capital punishment is humane or considered cruel and unusual punishment has been the main issue this of debate for years. Recent discussion goes far beyond the act itself but now brings into question whether medical personal should

The Outbreak Of Witchcraft Accusations Of 1692 In Salem,

The outbreak of witchcraft accusations of 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts was a devastating period for those involved in the crisis. Because of the random and frequent witchcraft accusations made throughout the time of the trials, the reoccurring characteristics that were often indicative of an individual’s likelihood of being accused of witchcraft were not always consistent. In John Demos’s book Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England he includes a diagram containing nine points of what he believes to be the definitive characteristics of a â€Å"typical† witch during the Salem witchcraft trials. It is important to note that Demos’s portrait of a witch identifies the â€Å"typical† witch, not every witch. For†¦show more content†¦Then, the paper will assess the peculiarities of her case and how they are not explained through Demos’s portrait of witch. Finally, the paper will identify the nature and signi ficance of the trial of Rebecca Nurse. John Demos’s nine point portrait of a witch is one way to analysis the case of Rebecca Nurse. To do so, one must first evaluate and understand the history of Rebecca Nurse and her role in the Salem in the late 1600’s. Rebecca Nurse was the wife of Francis Nurse, a farmer who became wealthy after buying and tending a large plot of land between Salem Village and Salem Town. Together they had eight children, and as a family they were prosperous. Connecting this information to Demos’s portrait of a witch, Rebecca Nurse falls under the first four points made in his sketch. These first two points are that she was â€Å"female† and that she was of â€Å"middle age†. However, the latter point is slightly inaccurate because Nurse was older than sixty years. The final two points that Rebecca Nurse falls under in Demos’s portrait of a witch are that she was of â€Å"English† and â€Å"Puritan† descent and culture, and that she was â€Å"married†, with little or no children. Again, the latter point is not fully accurate because Rebecca Nurse, while married, had, in fact, eight children in her lifetime. The significance of these traits of Rebecca Nurse agree, for the most part, with theShow MoreRelatedAmerican History to 18871148 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaums Salem Possessed explores the pre-existing social and economic divisions within the Salem Village community, as an entry point to understand the accusations of witchcraft in 1692. According to Boyer and Nissenbaum, the village split into two factions: one interested in gaining more autonomy for Salem Village and led by the Putnam family, and the other, interested in the mercantile and political life of Salem Town and led by the Porter family. Boyer and NissenbaumsRead MoreThe Salem Witchcraft Trials Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 were the large st outbreak of witch hunting in colonial New England up to that time. Although it was the largest outbreak, it was not something that was new. Witch-hunting had been a part of colonial New England since the formation of the colonies. Between the years 1648 to 1663, approximately 15 witches were executed. During the winter of 1692 to February of 1693, approximately 150 citizens were accused of being witches and about 25 of those died, either byRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials891 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of June to September 1692, twenty people were unjustly murdered after trials found them guilty of acts of witchcraft. The series of hearings and prosecutions of the accused witches in colonial Massachusetts marks one of the nation s most notorious cases of mass hysteria. The reasons behind the trials and deaths are complex and multifaceted. Internal disputes, strict religious lifestyles, accusations from young children, witch hunting methods, spect ral evidence, and even someRead MoreThe Salem With Trials685 Words   |  3 PagesSalem Witch Trials The 17th century was filled with mystery because of the strong beliefs in the supernatural powers and the presence of Satan on Earth in the colonial North America. Witchcraft, the use of magical faculties, was mainly used by the peasants with a particular charm of being associated with the evil spirits and demons to prosper in their agricultural activities. In fact, many literatures were written on witchcraft during that period. For instance, Joseph Glanvill in 1668, claimed toRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Crisis1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials: Crisis in Salem Village Many people know of the Salem witch trials that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692 spilling over into the year 1693. But for those who do not know, the Salem witch trials were a series of trials against men, women, and children accused of being a witch and or practicing witchcraft. In â€Å"The Devils Snare: The Salem Witch Trials of 1692† by Mary Beth Norton, the author recollects the stories of real life accounts of those accusers andRead MorePuritans And The Church Of England1301 Words   |  6 Pagescases involving the accusations of persons doing witchcraft/interacting with the devil, also known as the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials began in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. It all started with a group of young girls that claimed to be possessed by the devil that started all of the mayhem soon to follow. The allegedly possessed group of young girls began accusing several local women of witchcraft; the town broke out into mass hysteria. (Salem Witch Trials, 2011) AsRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1455 Words   |  6 Pageshumans are skeptical, if not reluctant to understand or accept that which unknown or different from what they previously considered being true, right, or normal. Such was the case in 1692 when over a hundred people from the Salem Town, Salem Village, and surrounding areas of Massachusetts were accused of witchcraft, leading to numerous arrests and even executions. The events that transpired in the small New England colony have intrigued, seduced, and baffled historians since their occurrence hundredsRead MoreWitchcraft Hysteria By Laurie Winn C arlson1307 Words   |  6 PagesBeagle says, â€Å"You ever want to see real witchcraft, you watch people protecting their comfort, their beliefs.† This quote is saying if you want to truly understand someone, learn about what they believe in. It all began in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The accusations toward people who were thought to be witches was on the rise. These would not be the kind of witches a person would think about in today s world, but women and men who were put on trial for witchcraft hysteria, which in turn caused massRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Case Review1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Salem Witch Trials was one of the most out of the box things back in 1692 Massachusetts, but it still seems to be quite unexplainable and at times shady. More than 200 people were accused of practicing the devil’s magic, but only about 20 were executed. Though people were killed, the colonists eventually admitted that the Salem Witch Trials were actually a mistake fo r which they later compensated the families that were convicted. I picked the Salem Witch Trials to type about because I wouldRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : The Causes Of The Deadly Accusations912 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 1 11 April 2015 The Salem Witch Trials: The Causes of the Deadly Accusations In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, he writes, â€Å"We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (Miller 77). This partially fictionalized tale of the Salem Witch Trials points to one of the causes of the trials, vengeance, but the over dramatized tale s early stages were quiet. The Salem Witch Episode had humble beginnings

American Health Care Essay Example For Students

American Health Care Essay The American Health Care system has prided itself on providing high quality services to the citizens who normally cannot afford them. This system has been in place for years and until now it did a fairly decent job. The problem today is money; the cost of hospital services and doctor fees are rising faster than ever before. The government has been trying to come up with a new plan these past few years even though there has been strong opposition against a new Health Care system. There are many reasons why it should be changed and there are many reasons why it shouldn’t be changed. The main thing that both sides heads towards is money. Both sides want to save money just in different ways. The movement for changing the Health Care system believes that there is a need for change because of the problems that the system faces today cannot be handled. Every month, 2 million Americans lose their insurance. One out of four, 63 million Americans, will lose their health insurance covera ge for some period during the next two years . 37 million Americans have no insurance and another 22 million have inadequate coverage . Losing or changing a job often means losing insurance. Becoming ill or living with a chronic medical condition can mean losing insurance coverage or not being able to obtain it. Long-term care coverage is inadequate. Many elderly and disabled Americans enter nursing homes and other institutions when they would prefer to remain at home. Families exhaust their savings trying to provide for disabled relatives. Many Americans in inner cities and rural areas do not have access to quality care, due to poor distribution of doctors, nurses, hospitals, clinics and support services. Public health services are not well integrated and coordinated with the personal care delivery system. Many serious health problems such as lead poisoning and drug-resistant tuberculosis are handled inefficiently or not at all, and thus potentially threaten the health of the ent ire population. Rising health costs mean lower wages, higher prices for goods and services, and higher taxes. The average worker today would be earning at least $1,000 more a year if health insurance costs had not risen faster than wages over the previous 15 years . If the cost of health care continues at the current pace, wages will be held down by an additional $650 by the year 2000. More and more Americans have had to give up insurance altogether because the premiums have become prohibitively expensive. Many small firms either cannot afford insurance at all in the current system, or have had to cut benefits or profits in order to provide insurance to their employees. Those problems are just with the system, the main part of the problem comes from the insurance agencies. Quality care means promoting good health. Yet, the agencies waits until people are sick before they starts to work. The agencies are biased towards specialty care and gives inadequate attentions to cost-effective primary and preventive care. Consumers cannot compare doctors and hospitals because reliable quality information is not available to them. Health care providers often dont have enough information on which treatments work best and are most cost-effective. Health care treatment patterns vary widely without detectable effects on health status. Some insurers now compete to insure the healthy and avoid the sick by determining insurability profiles while they should compete on quality, value, and service. The average doctors office spends 80 hours a month pushing paper. Nurses often have to fill out as many as 19 forms to account for one persons hospital stay. This is time that could be better spent caring for patients. Insurance company red tape has created a nightmare for providers, with mountains of forms and numerous levels of review that wastes money and does nothing to improve the quality of care. America has the best doctors who can provide the most advanced treatments in the world . Yet people often cant get treated when they need care. The medical malpractice system does little to promote quality. Fear of litigation forces providers to practice defensive medicine, ordering inappropriate tests and procedures to protect against lawsuits. Truly negligent providers often are not disciplined, and many victims of real malpractice are not compensated for their injuries. Purchasing insurance can be overwhelming for consumers. With different levels of benefits, co-payments, deductibles and a variety of limitations, trying to compare policies is confusing and objective information on quality and service is hard for consumers to find. As a result, consumers are vulnerable to unfair and abusive practices. Insurers have responded to rising health costs by imposing restriction on what doctors and hospitals do. A system that was complicated to begin with has become incomprehensible, even to experts. Each health insurance plan includes different exclusions and limitations. Even the terms used in health policies do not have standard definitions. Small business owners, who cannot afford big benefits departments, have to spend time and money working through the insurance maze. For firms with fewer than five workers, 40 percent of health care premiums go to pay administrative expenses. Administrative costs add to the cost of each hospital stay with the number of health care administrators increasing four times faster than the number of doctors. Health claim forms and the related paperwork are confusing for consumers, and time-consuming to fill out. Insurance coverage for most Americans is not a matter of choice at all. In most cases, they are limited to whatever policy their employer offers. Only 29% of companies with fewer than 500 employees offer any choice of plans. With a growing number of insurers using exclusions for pre-existing conditions, arbitrary cancellations and hidden benefit limitations, consumers have few choices for affordable policies th at provide real protection. Culture and Arts EssayThe details of the Republican plan are as followed. All essential care would be incorporated into the plan, including: mental health, acute care, ambulatory care, long term care and home health care, prescription drugs and medical supplies, rehabilitation services, occupational therapy, and preventive medicine. Exclusions would be made for unnecessary and ineffective procedures. These exclusions would be determined by expert panels, most probably made of doctors, nurses, other health care workers, and health planners. Everyone in the U.S. would receive a national health care plan card, with necessary identification encoded on it. The card can then be used to gain access to any fee-for-service practitioner, hospital or clinic. HMO members can receive non-emergency care through the HMO. As mentioned before, to implement the national health program, health care costs do not need to increase. It would however produce a major shift in payment toward government and away from private insurers and out-of-pocket payments. Individuals and businesses would pay the same amount for health care, on average, but the payments would be in the form of taxes. The taxes contributing to the plan can be found for businesses, for instance, by adding up the amount spent currently by business for health care. This would approximately add up to a 9% tax increase for midsize and large employers . Hospitals and clinics would receive a global sum on a yearly basis, in addition to allowances for new technology. Funds would be distributed to physicians and other health care workers in one of three ways: through fee-for-service arrangements with a simplified billing schedule, through capitation, paying health care providers on the basis of how many patients they serve, or through global budgets established for hospitals and clinics employing salaried health care professionals. The debate stands now between letting the states run health care or continuing control by the federal government. Both make valid points as to why they are the way to go, but my stance after careful thought is one of compromise. Let the federal government standardize health care while the state governments fund it on a state to state level. With a national standard to follow prices would be forced to keep the same through out America. Procedures for problems would not be questioned. Finally there will be less paperwork. Making the state governments fund their own health care system at first lance seems to be cost inefficient. At another look and a explanation I can dispute that. With the government in total control it had one big pile of money it had to divide to all the states and no real way to determine how to divide it. With the individual states involved in funding health care, they know the size of their population, who needs care in their population and can do a more efficient job on a smaller scale. Also by letting the governments on the state level run everything t he problem of the government giving to little to states that need funding and to much to states that don’t need it will not occur. Unfortunately due to the way the government handles major changes health care reform will most likely be debated for another ten years. The way the debate is moving it seems to be heading towards the state controlled health care, but there doesn’t appear to be enough power behind the movement to get it approved. The dream of universal coverage s it a dream or is it a near future for all Americans, only with patience by the people will they find out. Social Issues

William Shakespeares Macbeth is a play in which Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeares Macbeth is a play in which Essay William Shakespeares Macbeth is a play in which a man by the name ofMacbeth, who is presented as a mature man with an uncertain character. At the beginningof the story, Macbeths character was a character with strong morals. As the play went onthough, Macbeths morality lessened immensely. After killing Duncan he was veryparanoid and feared the consequences that would arise. He knew what he had donewrong. In comparing Duncans murder with his best friend, Banquos murder, He wasmuch more relaxed after Banquos death. His character shifted throughout the play. Macbeth, at this point did anything to keep his crown, even so far as to getting killed forit! I think that some sort of anatomy of evil was responsible for Macbeths as well as othercharacters wrongdoings in the story. Each character in the story had to either fight it orgive into it. In Macbeths case, he fought it and lost, and therefore, gave into it. The play makes several points about the nature of evil. One point it makes is thatevil is not normal in human nature. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have to sort of trickthemselves into murdering Duncan. First, Lady Macbeth has to beg evil spirits to tear allhuman feeling from her (spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts Act I, Scene V,Lines 41-42 Stop up th accessand passage to remorse / That no compunctiousvisitings of nature / Shake my fell purposeAct I, Scene V, Lines 45-47) and thenshe has to make Macbeth ignore his own conscience (Yet do I fear thy nature; It is toofull o th milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way Act I, Scene V, Lines17-19) Once she has seen her husbands ambition has been inflamed, she is willing to riskanything to help him get the crown. It was as if she were taking her heart out to make herhusband king. She has been very successful of emptying herself of human feeling. By theend of the play, both characters have been destroyed from within. Fear and guilt dr iveLady Macbeth mad; Macbeth sees life as an empty, meaningless charade. (His famousspeech upon hearing of Lady Macbeths suicide: Tomorrow, and tomorrow, andtomorrowAct V, Scene V, Lines 17-28) This speech is less an expression of griefthan it is a speech about the meaningless of life. The second point is that evil disrupted nature itself. In nature, there is a time and aplace for everything. For example, a flower blooms when the laws of nature says it should,neither sooner, nor later. When Macbeth achieves the crown by murder, he upsets thenatural order of his life along with the order of Scotland. Without the rightful, God-givenking on the throne, all of society is disordered. Under Macbeths rule, there can only bechaos and evil. Even nature becomes disturbed: (the Old Man and Ross discuss all thestrange things that have been happening since Duncans death in act II, Scene IV,Lines 1-19: It is dark during the day; an owl killed a hawk. the opposite of whatreally happens ,Duncans horses ate eachother!) Nearly every scene containsreferences to unnatural actions. When Macbeth is killed and Malcolm takes the throne,natural order is restored. The third point is that evil is like a disease. Like a disease, evil infects its victimsand makes them sicken until they eventually die. Once Macbeth kills Duncan, he iscommitted to a course of lying and killing as I stated in the opening paragraph. His senseof right and wrong is eaten away even before he is killed. Macbeth is dying of a diseasedspirit and he knows it. (And that which should accompany old age, As honor, love,obedience, troops of friends, I must not look to have; but, in their stead, Curses notloud but deep. Act V, Scene III, Lines 24-27) In this soliloquy, he senses that his lifeis over. Scotland is also infected, and Macbeth is its disease. The longer Macbeth remainsking, the worse things get. When Macbeth is finally is overthrown, the country is healed. .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .postImageUrl , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:hover , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:visited , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:active { border:0!important; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:active , .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0 .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u690702b9b708afa2d92bee6f6985f0c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The bombing of pearl harbor could have been avoide EssayThe forth and probably the most important point is that evil corrupts an individualand their ways. This is extremely clear in Macbeth. Macbeth being sucked into evilchanged drastically. At the beginning of the play, the thought of murder made himmiserable. He seems to have a conscience on what he is doing is wrong. Toward the endwhen evil has entered Macbeths soul and conquered him, his actions reflect the evil withinhim through the murders that he plots and also his lying ways throughout the play. He iswilling to do whatever it took for his ambition, even go so far to kill his best friend and aninnocent family which gained him nothing! Lady Macbeth on the other hand, had somesort of evil within her from the beginning of the story. The evil within her made her gomad and caused her to die a tragic death of suicide. Evil, unfortunately is a very powerful force once it gets a hold of you once, its extremelydifficult to let go of. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experienced a sort of evil that wouldnever let go until they died. Since at the beginning of the story, Macbeth gained hisposition as king by killing the king, they thought that performing evil acts would get themhigher in life. It was sort of addicting to them. They did everything violently to get whatthey wanted. Its unfortunate that many think that way. That you have to take drasticactions as far as death to get what you want is really a sad case. But also, if they think thatthey will get away with it, they are wrong. They will eventually pay the price, whetherinstantly or with time as Lady Macbeth and Macbeth eventually did in the play ofMacbeth.

Microgrid Essay Example

Microgrid Essay Modelling and Simulation of Microgrid Application at RCET Rana A. Jabbar1, Azah Mohamed2, Muhammad Junaid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ihsan Ullah1 1Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala, Pakistan 2Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) [emailprotected] edu. pk ABSTRACT Renewable energy resources have got vital importance in present era as fossil fuel reserves are depleting and their prices are fluctuating drastically. The role of these resources in generation of electricity is inevitable in the developing countries like Pakistan, where energy crisis has become a burning issue due to short fall of electricity. Presently the country is suffering from repeated and shocking black outs. Therefore, the generation of electricity through other than traditional resources has become indispensable. In this research paper an innovative concept has been imparted for the development of Microgrid, based upon locally available renewable energy resources, keeping in view the geographical location of Rachna College of Engineering Technology (RCET), Gujranwala-Pakistan. These available renewable energy resources have been integrated to function as a single generating unit for forming Microgrid. The comprehensive modelling and simulation of Microgrid has been performed using MATLAB. The objective behind the development of this proto type model of Microgrid is to design a standby power for RCET Library in case of electricity failure from National Grid. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan is looking for viable solution to compensate the National Grid and emergency need of individual sensitive consumers since long. Simulation and implementation of this developed model will really be very helpful for all stake holders of power industry nationally and internationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Microgrid specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microgrid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microgrid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer KEY WORDS Renewable Energy Resources; Microgrid; MATLAB 1. Introduction Microgrid is actually assembly of renewable energy resources able to be operational paralleled or independently from National Grid having capacity up-to Distributed Generation (DG). Microgrid is more modern way for utilizing the available potential of DG, not only in remote area electricity development but also in over coming the short-fall of electricity commercially. Most commonly available renewable energy resources, used for the development of Microgrid, are Solar, Biomass, Micro-hydro, Wind, Fuel Cell etc [1, 2, 3, 4]. Like other developing countries, Pakistan is also suffering from acute energy crisis. The present sources for generation of electricity in Pakistan include Hydro (33%), Natural Gas (35. 7%), Oil (28. 7%), Coal (0. 3%) and Nuclear (2. 3%). Despite the massive availability of renewable energy resources, their contribution towards generation of electricity in Pakistan is negligible. The Maximum demand of electricity in Pakistan is about 15,000 MW, whereas supply demand gap is about 3000 – 4000 MW. The renewable resources used in this research work are Solar, Biomass, Micro-hydro and Fuel Cell. Pakistan located in the Sun Belt is ideal for taking advantage of solar energy. The mean global irradiation falling on horizontal surface is about 200–250 watt/ m2 per day, equivalent to about 1500–3000 sun shine hours and 1. 9 – 2. 3 MWh/ m2 annually [5]. Being an agriculture country, sufficient live stock is available for producing enough animal dung to be utilized in the production of biogas. Following the latest statistical data of AEDB, the available micro-hydro potential in Pakistan is about 2000 MW. Moreover, there is an immense potential to utilize the flow of water in world’s largest canal network, particularly in province of Punjab, Pk [6]. This paper presents a novel approach of Microgrid development in which micro-level energy generation resources are first incorporated with each other to form one generating station controlled by a central unit and simultaneously integrated with National Grid for both way power flow [7]. Conventionally, these DG resources are not integrated with each other and separately run the load, controlled by individual switches [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. The power quality issues involved during the conversion from dc source to ac for Microgrid operation have become the subject of research. Moreover, the study of intelligent control for Microgrid is also in progress [13, 14, 15]. In this research paper, the single control unit is responsible for overall functioning of the developed model of Microgrid supported by the physical location of RCET Grw, Pk, where a Marala Nokhar Link Canal flows adjacent to the college. The complete simulation of Microgrid has been performed using MATLAB Simulink for supplying power to RCET library. 2. Geographical Location of RCET Fig. shows the geographical location of RCET indicating the renewable energy resources and library (load). Fig. 1. Geographical location of RCET Detail of Library load (8 kW) is given in Table I. TABLE I Library Load detail |S/No. |Item |Rating (kW) |No. |kW | |1 |AC |2. 60 |02 |5. 20 | |2 |Tube Light |0. 04 |12 |0. 48 | |3 |PC |0. 45 |04 |1. 80 | |4 |Fan |0. 08 |04 |0. 32 | |5 | CFL |0. 02 |10 |0. 0 | |Total Load (kW) |8. 00 | Shaded portion of RCET power distribution network as shown in Fig. 2, is indicating the location of library being fed from the developed Microgrid. [pic] Fig. 2. Single line diagram of RCET power distribution network 3. Real Models of Renewable Energy Resources at RCET The project for Microgrid development at RCET is divided into two main phases: Firstly, modelling and simulation of Microgrid and secondly, implementation of simulated model practically. For this purpose, three real models have been focused at RCET. Fig. shows the practical Biomass arrangement to produce methane gas (CH4) used directly as input to Fuel Cell or the same methane gas can be decomposed to get hydrogen. In this research work hydrogen Fuel Cell is used for simulation purpose. Fig. 3. Biomass plant at RCET Fig. 4 is indicating the PV Array which is available at RCET for solar energy generation. [pic] Fig. 4. PV Array Fig. 5 is showing the Micro-hydro resource which will be utilized for generation of electricity through Microgrid while implementing the simulated model. [pic] Fig. 5. View of Nokhar Canal flowing adjacent to RCET 4. Block diagram of Proposed Microgrid Block diagram of proposed Microgrid is given in Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Block diagram of Microgrid PV Array and Fuel Cell are dc sources where the Micro-hydro is an ac source of power supply. So, for synchronization the both afore mentioned resources will also be converted in ac supply. Two methods are used to convert the dc sources into ac supply. First is the Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) inverter to convert dc supply into ac supply. The second method is the use of Motor-Generator set, in which dc motor is run by dc supply and then that motor will be used as prime mover for generator to provide ac output at the terminals of generator. Their results are also compared in this research work. Moreover, this combined generating unit of Microgrid is also integrated with National grid for both way flow of power. Whenever the generation exceeds the load requirement, the extra power will be supplied to distribution network of National grid, otherwise it will be supplied by National grid 5. Modelling and Simulation Comprehensive modelling and simulation of Microgrid to run 8 kW load of RCET Library has been performed using MATLAB software. The detail of mentioned software used for simulation is as under: MATLAB  ®, the Language of Technical Computing Version: 7. 6. . 324 (R 2008a), February 10, 2008 License Number: 161051 Fig. 7 shows the Interconnected Microgrid in which all the three renewable energy resources are connected to run the Library load. Moreover, this generating unit is further interconnected with Power distribution system (National Grid) for both way power supply. [pic] Fig. 7. Microgrid Simulation Model Br ief description of resources (PV Array, Fuel Cell and Micro-hydro) used in simulation is as under: 5. 1. PV Array For simulation purpose, PV Array is replaced with a 12 v dc battery, which is boosted up by use of DC/DC Boost Converter up to 320 v dc as shown in Fig. . [pic] Fig. 8. DC Battery DC/DC Boost Converter Fig. 9 is indicating the PWM operation, to convert 320 v dc supply into 400 v ac. [pic] Fig. 9. PV Array Simulation Model using PWM Inverter The above simulation is also performed using Motor-Generator set. Fig. 10 is the Simulink model for PV Array based ac supply generating unit in which Motor-Generator set is used for dc to ac conversion. Output of PV Array is 12 v dc which is boosted up to 240 v dc using DC/DC Boost Converter to run the dc motor. [pic] Fig. 10. PV Array Simulation Model using Motor-Generator Set 5. 2. Fuel Cell Fuel Cell is also dc generation source like PV Array. Here dc is again required to convert into ac supply for integration among the renewable energy resources and also with National grid. For this purpose both PWM Inverter technique as well as the Motor-generator set are used. Fig. 11 shows the hydrogen Fuel Cell in which dc supply is boosted up through DC/DC Boost Converter and after that the same mechanism of PV Array, as shown Fig. 9, is used to convert up to the required ac voltage level [pic] Fig. 11. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Fig. 12 shows the internal model of Motor-Generator set for dc to ac conversion used in Fuel cell. pic] Fig. 12. Fuel Cell Simulation using Motor-Generator set PWM inverter is commonly used for dc to ac conversion. However, Motor-Generator set has also been practiced during this research work. Due to certain inherited characteristics, like increase in technical losses, vibration at starting etc, PMW is preferred considering operational and economic comparison. 5. 3. Micro-hydro Micro-hydro is an ac source of power supply. For simulation purpose, Micro-hydro is replaced with a synchronous generator. Fig. 13 indicates the internal model of Micro-hydro. [pic] Fig. 13. Micro-hydro simulation structure 6. Comparison of PWM and Motor-Generator Set output In the following sections, comprehensive comparison of PWM and Motor-Generator set techniques is given graphically along with tabular form. This comparison reveals that the latter mechanism is suffering from unavoidable fluctuation initially, resulting in undue operational and economic constrains. Keeping in view the above scenario, PWM technique is more advantageous. 6. 1. PWM Inverter The results for PV Array obtained in result of simulation performed using Fig. 7 are given in Fig. 14. Fig. 14. PV Array output Vinv shows the 320 v ac PWM output. VLoad is the desired level of voltage that appears at the load terminals. PL is the Library load. During time interval (0–0. 4) sec, PV Array shares 2. 67 kW (out of 8 kW) of Library load and rest of the 3. 3 kW is supplied to National grid. From (0. 4–1. 0) sec PV Array is supplying total generating power (6 kW) to National Grid. The results for Fuel Cell got in result of simulation performed using Fig. 7 are given in Fig. 15. [pic] Fig. 15. Fuel Cell results During time interval (0–0. 4) sec Fuel Cell shares 2. 7 kW of Library load and supplies 3. 3 kW to National Grid. From (0. 4–0. 7) sec it shares 4 kW of Library load. From (0. 7–1. 0) sec it provides total generated power (6kW) to National Grid. Following the previous pattern, results regarding Micro-hydro are shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 16. Micro-hydro output During time interval (0–0. 4) sec Micro-hydro shares 2. 67 kW of Library load. From (0. 4–0. 7) sec it shares 4 kW and from (0. 7–1. 0) sec it provides all 6 kW to Library Load and reaming 2 kW are contributed from National Grid. The previous results are summarized in Table II: TABLE II Microgrid Power Flow using PWM Inverter |Time |PV Array (kW) |Fuel Cell (kW) |Micro-hydro ( kW) | |Interval | | | | | |PL |Psys |PL |Psys |PL |Psys | |(0–0. 4) sec|2. 67 |-3. 30 |2. 67 |-3. 30 |2. 67 |-3. 30 | |(0. 4 –0. 7) |0 |-6. 0 |4. 0 |-2. 0 |4. 0 |-2. 0 | |sec | | | | | | | |(0. 7 – 1. 0)|0 |-6. 0 |0 |-6. 0 |6. |2. 0 | |sec | | | | | | | 6. 2. Motor-Generator Set Simulation referring to Fig. 7 using dc Motor-Generator set in comparison with PWM inverter is described graphically in this section. Results are also summarized in tabular form. Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are the graphical results of PV Array, Fuel Cell and Micro-hydro respectively using Motor-Generator set for dc to ac conversion where required. Results discussed earlier indicate the initial fluctuation in case of Motor-Generator set is prominent. Fig. 17. PV Array output (Motor-Generator Set) [pic] Fig. 18. Fuel Cell output (Motor-Generator Set) [pic] Fig. 19. Micro-hydro output (Motor-Generator Set) The results are tabulated as under: TABLE III Microgrid Power Flow using Motor-Generator set |Time |PV Array (kW) |Fuel Cell (kW) |Micro-hydro ( kW) | |Interval | | | | | |PL |Psys |PL |Psys |PL |Psys | |(0–6. 5) |2. 67 |-3. 30 |2. 67 |-3. 3. 0 |2. 67 |-3. 3. | |sec | | | | | | | |(6. 5–14) |4. 0 |-2. 0 |4. 0 |-2. 0 |0 |-6. 0 | |sec | | | | | | | |(14–20) |0 |-6. 0 |6. 0 |2. 0 |0 |-6. 0 | |sec | | | | | | | 7. Islanding with National Grid To cope with the contingencies, islanding of the simulated Microgrid with National grid is shown in Figs. 20 and 21 respectively. [pic] Fig. 20. Islanding with National Grid pic] Fig. 21. Internal Structure of Fig. 20 It is clear from Fig. 21 that Microgrid is running 6 kW load. At time 0. 3 sec, 1. 5 kW is added with the system, and at 0. 5 sec another 2 kW is connected wit h the system and at 0. 7 sec additional 2. 5 kW load is connected with the system. Now total load connected to Microgrid (interconnected with National grid) is 12 kW, where 6 kW is shared by Microgrid while remaining 6 kW is supported by National Grid. Fig. 21 shows the results measured by scope in which at time interval 1 sec. the breaker of National Grid is open. The purpose behind this is to produce an artificial over current fault when all the 12 kW load is supposed to be shared by Microgrid, resulting in voltage drop at output terminals of Microgrid. During this operation, the over current and under voltage relays will be operated and consequently additional 6 kW load will be disconnected as indicated in Fig. 21(the position of breaker went to ‘0’ at time 1. 0 sec). [pic] Fig. 21. Islanding results The islanding operating is summarized in table IV as: TABLE IV Islanding operation |Time |Load Shared by|Load Shared by |Breaker |Total Load | Interval |Microgrid |National grid |Position | | |(sec) | | | | | |0 – 0. 3 |6. 0 kW |0 kW |ON (1) |6. 0 kW | |At 0. 3 |6. 0 kW |1. 5 kW |ON (1) |7. 5 kW | |At 0. 5 |6. 0 kW |3. 5 kW |ON (1) |9. 5 kW | |At 0. 7 |6. 0 kW |6 kW |ON (1) |12. 0 kW | |At 1. 0 |12. 0 kW |0 |OFF (0) |12. 0 kW | |1. 0 (Relay |6. 0 kW |0 |OFF (0) |6. kW | |operates) | | | | | 8. Conclusions This novel approach comprising of locally available renewable energy resources and integration of these resources for up-gradation to commercial use will really help the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA), Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) and Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) to set their directions while planning about generation of electricity from renewable energy resources to minimize huge gap between demand and supply. Comparing traditional and latest instrumental techniques is really interesting during this research work. Innovative model developed will also help the scientific community at national and international level. For further investigations like the influence of the factors influencing power quality issues is in progress. References [1] Robert H. Lasseter, â€Å"Microgrids and Distributed Generation†, Journal of Energy Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, September 2007. [2] Robert H. Lasseter, Final Project Report, â€Å"Control and Design of Microgrid Components†, Power Systems Engineering Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, PSERC Publication 06-03, January 2006, pp. 20-41. [3] Robert H. Lasseter, â€Å"Microgrids,† in Proc. IEEE Power Engineering Society, Winter Meeting, Jan. 27–31, 2002, pp. 305–308. [4] H. Nikkhajoei and R. H. Lasseter, â€Å"Microgrid Protection†, IEEE PES, General Meeting, 24-28 June 2007, Tampa, FL. [5] Sohul A. Qureshi, â€Å"Scope of renewable Energy Resources n Pakistan†, New Horizons, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Pakistan, Vol 54, 2007, pp. 151-159. [6] http://www. aedb. org/microhydel_basics. php [7] Hassan Nikkhajoei and Robert H. Lasseter, â€Å"Microgrid Fault Protection Based on Symmetrical and Differential Current Components†, Public Interest Energy Research California Energy Commission, Report coordinated by the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions with funding support from the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program, under Contract No. 00-03-024, December 2006, pp. 11-19. [8] Robert H. Lasseter, â€Å"CERTS Microgrid†, Panel on Microgrids Systems, International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, April 16-18, 2007, San Antonio. [9] R. Lasseter, A. Akhil, C. Marnay, J. Stephens, J. Dagle, R. Guttromson, A. S. Meliopoulos, R. Yinger and J. Eto, â€Å"White Paper on Integration of Distributed Energy Resources–The CERTS Microgrid Concept†. LBNL-50829, Office of Power Technologies of the US Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, April 2002. [10] Robert H. Lasseter and Paolo Piagi, â€Å"Extended Microgrid Using (DER) Distributed Energy Resources†, IEEE PES GM07, June 24-28, 2007. [11] Paolo Piagi, â€Å"MicroGrid control†, PSERC Tele-Seminar Presentation, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, university of Wisconsin-Madison, June 7, 2005, pp. 20-25. [12] Yun Wei Li, D. Mahinda Vilathgamuwa and Poh Chiang Loh, â€Å"Robust Control Scheme for a Microgrid with PFC Capacitor Connected†, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 43, No. 5, September October 2007. [13] Y. W. Li, D. M. Vilathgamuwa and P. C. Loh, â€Å"A Grid-Interfacing Power Quality Compensator for Three-phase Three-Wire Micro-Grid Applications†, 2004 35lh Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. [14] Yun Wei Li,D. Mahinda Vilathgamuwa and Poh Chiang Loh, â€Å"A Grid-Interfacing Power Quality Compensator for Three-Phase Three-Wire Microgrid Applications†, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No. 4, JULY 2006. [15] Jiquan Shen, Quanxi Li and Xuyan Tu, â€Å"Study on Cooperative Intelligent Grid†, Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE, International Conference on Integration Technology, March 20 24, 2007, Shenzhen, China.

Sweet Gun Slough Conflict Essay Sample - Easy to Understand Contents

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Free Essays on Delegation

Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ... Free Essays on Delegation Free Essays on Delegation Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ... Free Essays on Delegation Delegation 2 Let’s start by explaining what delegation is, this is the process in which you assign important task to other employees. In doing this process as a manager you must 1) Identify the task that is to be accomplished, 2) Choose the right employee to complete the assignment, 3) give complete and concise directions, 4) The next step is to monitor the progress of the assignment, check back with your employees to see how things are going and to make sure deadlines are being kept. 5) Provide feedback in order for your employees to complete the task, as a manager you must provide feedback. This will assist the staff so that they know where they are at with there task. Delegation Process The delegation process at the corporation that I work for is as follows: The Chief executive officer decides what he wants to see happen. then that would flow to the Vice President of Operations which would pass this information to all departments such as the Human Resource Director , the Information Technology’s department. This information would then be passed to the Administrators at that district level. The Administrator would then meet with his department heads and discuss the changes that would need to take place. He would speak to the Account Managers, the Director of Nursing and Business Office Manager. The Account Managers are the Marketing representatives for the company. If the information has anything to do with the physicians, hospitals, or assisted living facilities they are responsible for taking the new information to them and explaining to them how things are going to change. The Director of Nursing and the Business office manager would decide who would need to know about this information. We would then discuss who would be best suited to receive this information and we would start to make plans on who we would delegate each assignment to. Lets start with the Director of Nursing she has eight ...